Exploring Zambia’s Rock Revolution Through Forgotten Sounds
The late 1960s in Zambia marked the birth of a compelling and distinctive musical genre known as Zamrock. This unique sound blended the rebellious energy of Western psychedelic rock with traditional African rhythms and post-colonial urgency, creating a raw and electrifying fusion that reflected life in a newly independent African nation. Drawing inspiration from icons like Hendrix, Sabbath, and Cream, Zamrock emerged as a product of its time while also embodying a forward-thinking spirit that continues to captivate audiences worldwide.
In the early 1960s, Zambia saw the rise of a vibrant music movement centered around the Copperbelt Province. Musicians like John Lushi, William Mapulanga, and Stephen Tsotsi Kasumali used their art to address societal issues, drawing on influences from various Zambian kingdoms. Under President Kenneth Kaunda’s “One Zambia, one nation” policy, which aimed to promote Zambia’s cultural identity, radio stations were mandated to play 95% Zambian music. This shift, along with the emergence of the electric guitar as a popular instrument, set the stage for the development of Zamrock.
Key figures like Rikki Ililonga and his band Musi-O-Tunya played a significant role in shaping Zamrock’s sound. Musi-O-Tunya, inspired by Afro rock group Osibisa, blended English lyrics with local languages, reflecting Zambia’s cultural diversity. Tracks like “Tsegulani” showcased a fusion of African drums, horns, and electric guitar, creating a sound that was reminiscent of Afrobeat but with a unique Zamrock twist.
Another influential band during this era was Witch (We Intend To Cause Havoc), whose music drew inspiration from artists like Jimi Hendrix and the Rolling Stones. Witch’s lead vocalist, Emanuel “Jagari” Chanda, embodied the spirit of Zamrock with his dynamic performances and experimental style. Despite facing challenges like economic recession and social unrest, bands like Witch, Ngozi Family, and AMANAZ left a lasting legacy in the Zamrock genre.
However, the decline of copper prices and the devastation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic dealt a severe blow to the Zamrock scene, leading to the genre’s eventual decline. Many musicians were forced to abandon their creative pursuits, including Jagari Chanda, who pursued a career in mining. The vibrant musical movement that once flourished in Zambia seemed on the brink of extinction.
Yet, against all odds, Zamrock experienced a resurgence of interest in the 2010s, thanks to reissues of classic albums and a growing appreciation for its unique sound. Bands like AMANAZ found new audiences through placements in popular TV shows and collaborations with contemporary artists, breathing new life into Zambia’s forgotten musical legacy. Zamrock’s legacy lives on as a testament to the power of music to transcend boundaries and preserve cultures, ensuring that its raw, gritty, and soulful sound will continue to inspire audiences for generations to come.